Glossary

A unit of matter, the smallest portion of an element or a compound that retains chemical identity with the substance in mass. The molecule usually consist of a union of two or more atoms; some organic molecules containing a very large number of atoms.

(Chemical symbol Mo) Element No. 42 of the periodic system; atomic weight 95.95. Hard, tough metal of grayish-white color, becoming very ductile and malleable when properly treated at high temperatures; melting point 4748 (degrees) F.; boiling point about 6600 (degrees) F.; specific gravity 10.2. Pure molybdenum can best be obtained as a black powder, by reduction of molybdenum trioxide or ammonium molybdate with hydrogen. From this powder, ductile sheet and wire are made by powder metallurgy techniques; these are used in radio and related work. Its principal functions as an alloy in steel making:(1) Raises grain-coarsening temperature of austenite.(2) Deepens hardening.(3) Counteracts tendency toward temper brittleness.(4) Raises hot and creep strength, red hardness.(5) Enhances corrosion resistance in stainless steel. (6) Forms abrasion-resisting particles.

Moloney Murine Leukemia Virus

Person employed by the sponsor or CRO who reviews study records to determine that a study is being conducted in accordance with the protocol. A monitor’s duties may include, but are not limited to, helping to plan and initiate a study, and assessing the conduct of studies. Monitors work with the clinical research coordinator to check all data and documentation from the study.

Reviewing a clinical study, ensuring conduct, proper records and reports are performed as stated in the clinical protocol, standard operating procedures, Good Clinical Practice and by regulatory requirements.

Observations made by measurement in accordance with a defined method and plan to provide evidence of the performance of an installation.NOTE: This information may be used to detect trends in operational state and to provide process support.

For studies that are industry sponsored - a written report from the monitor to the sponsor after each site visit and/or other trial-related communication according to the sponsor’s SOPs. For studies that are investigator initiated – a written report will be generated from the IRB office, Vermont Cancer Center or GCRC Research Subject Advocacy Office.

Proteins produced in the laboratory from a single clone of a B cell.

Antibodies derived from a single source or clone of cells that recognize only one type of antigen. They are produced from hybridomas formed by the hybridization of two cells: a single antibody-producing cell and a cell that can be grown indefinitely in culture. Monoclonal antibodies have found markets in diagnostic kits and show potential for use in drugs and industrial purification processes.

mAb generally refers to intact immunoglobulins often produced by hybridomas or other cell lines. Monoclonal Antibodies can be produced in large amounts and in pure form for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes. In the production of MAb, two different mammalian cell lines (cell cultures) are crossed by cell fusion (hybridoma technology).

One of three types of white blood cells. Monocytes are precursors to macrophages.

Controlled by a single gene, as opposed to multigenic.

A disorder caused by mutation of a single gene.

The entry in USP or NF for a specific raw material or product. The monograph contains the requirements and specifications that must be met to claim compendial compliance for a drug substance, drug product, botanical, vaccine, excipient, medical gas, or medical device.

The basic subunit from which, by repetition of a single reaction, polymers are made. For example, amino acids (monomers) condense to yield polypeptides or proteins (polymers).

(NFPA 49) A simple molecule that is capable of combining with a number of other molecules to form a polymer.

The building blocks of carbohydrates, hence known as “simple sugar”. They are classified by the number of carbon atoms in the molecule; pentoses have five and hexoses six.

(noun: monosomy) describing a diploid organism lacking one chromosome (2n -1) of its proper (disomic) complement; a form of aneuploidy.

Possessing only one copy of a particular chromosome instead of the normal two copies.

Pooled material containing a single strain or type of microorganism or antigen and derived from a number of eggs, cell culture containers etc. that are processed at the same time.

State of being ill or diseased. Morbidity is the occurrence of a disease or condition that alters health and quality of life.

Metal-Oxide Semiconductor

Metal-Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor

(ICH Q7) The residual liquid that remains after the crystallization or isolation processes. A mother liquor may contain unreacted materials, intermediates, levels of the API and/or impurities. It may be used for further processing.