Glossary

Application Policy Task Force

Alliance for Prudent Use of Antibiotics

Acceptable Quality Level

Growing of water plants and animals, rather than harvesting them from wherever they happen to grow in rivers or seas. Usually aquaculture uses fresh water; when it uses sea water it can be called mariculture. It is considered to be a part of biotechnology (although peripheral) because it is a new commercial development, and because it often involves growing organisms in large volumes of water, which has similarities to growing large volumes of yeast or bacteria. Biotechnology also provides clean, well-aerated water for the animals to grow in; food, such as krill or powdered synthetic food; and food additives, such as astaxanthins to ensure that fish and prawns have the right color. Aquaculture has also been used to mass-produce macro- and micro-algae for chemicals, vitamins and pigments. For both animals and plants, biotechnologists have been using genetic methods to produce triploid and tetraploid organisms, and hybrid algae through plant cell fusions. Triploid trout, for example, are sterile, and can be used for biocontrol of weeds without the threat of their being able to breed themselves.

An underground layer of permeable rock, sand, or gravel that contains water for wells or springs.

American Red Cross

AIDS-Related Complex

For orbital GTAW, the normal distance, measured prior to welding, from the tip of the electrode to the surface of the weld joint or insert.

A discontinuity consisting of any localized remelted metal, heat-affected metal, or change in the surface profile of any part of a weld or base metal resulting from an arc, generated by the passage of electrical current between the surface of the weld or base material and a current source, such as a welding electrode, magnetic particle prod, or electropolishing electrode.

(IEEE) The process of defining a collection of hardware and software components and their interfaces to establish the framework for the development of a computer system.

The result of the process in definition (1).

The organizational structure of a system or component.

The word archival is the adjective derived from archive and describes something that relates to an archive or the function of archiving, or from an archivist’s perspective (e.g., archival metadata). Increasingly the word is being used on its own to refer to the activity or function of archiving.

(ISO) An historical copy of a database saved at a significant point in time for use in recovery or restoration of the database.

The International Council on Archives define the concept of archival function as follows: “The archival function is that group of related activities contributing to and necessary for accomplishing the goals of safeguarding and preserving archival [electronic] records, and ensuring that such records are accessible and understandable.”

An OAIS term. The Information Package that is required to safely keep the record for long-term storage. The AIP is used for moving records to/from the archival storage. An AIP is constructed from one or several Submission Information Packages (SIPs). One or several AIPs are used to construct the Dissemination Information Package (DIP).

(verb) The act of placing an object into an archive.

(IEEE) A lasting collection of computer system data or other records that are in long term storage.

(noun) A collection of records often held for official reasons or because of the status, role, or value of the records. By extension, an archive also is often the physical or logical space independent of a production environment where records are held, protected from loss, alteration, and deterioration so that they may be retrieved in the future, for example, to be used as trustworthy evidence.The archiving process must retain the meaning of the data and the data within the archive must be searchable and recoverable. For archived electronic records to remain accessible and understandable over time, they may need to undergo some preservation actions over their life time.

(OAIS) Organization that intends to preserve information for access and use by a designated community.

The process by which electronic data and document stores are regularly copied and retained for long-term retention of the data. Archived data is generally removed from the on-line database.

A collection of records often held for official reasons or because of the status, role, or value of the records. By extension, an archive also is often the physical or logical space independent of a production environment where records are held, protected from loss, alteration, and deterioration so that they may be retrieved in the future, for example, to be used as trustworthy evidence.The archiving process must retain the meaning of the data and the data within the archive must be searchable and recoverable. For archived electronic records to remain accessible and understandable over time, they may need to undergo some preservation actions over their life time.

The owner of the archiving operations on a daily basis.

The owner of the data once it has been archived.