Glossary

Artificial Neural Network

The process by which the complementary base pairs in DNA strands combine.

The process of heating (de-naturing step) and slowly cooling (re-naturing step) double-stranded DNA to allow the formation of hybrid DNA or complementary strands of DNA or of DNA and RNA.

A treatment process for steel for the purpose of reducing hardness, improving machinability, facilitating cold working, or producing a desired mechanical, physical, or other property.

Identify the locations and coding regions of genes in a genome and determine what they do.

Adding pertinent information such as gene coded for, amino acid sequence, or other commentary to the database entry of raw sequence of DNA bases.

(IEEE) Anything observed in the documentation or operation of software that deviates from expectations based on previously verified software products or reference documents.

A localized surface area that is out of specifications to the surrounding area, and is classified as abnormal.

Previously identifiable data that have been deidentified and for which a code or other link no longer exists. An investigator would not be able to link anonymized information back to a specific individual.

Data that were collected without identifiers and that were never linked to an individual. Coded data are not anonymous.

A DNA marker detectable by virtue of variation in its sequence, irrespective of whether or not it actually occurs in or near a coding sequence. Microsatellites are typical anonymous DNA markers.

Loss of appetite especially when prolonged.

A condition marked by loss of appetite with loss of weight, accompanied by marked neurotic or psychotic symptoms.

Analysis of Variance

A deficiency of oxygen reaching the tissues of the body, especially of such severity as to result in permanent damage.

Advanced Notice of Proposed Rulemaking

Advanced Notice of Proposed Rule Making

American National Red Cross

American National Standards Institute

A private organization that recommends safe work practices and engineering designs.

An interaction between two organisms (e.g., molds or bacteria) in which the growth of one is inhibited by the other.

A biological response to exposure to multiple substances that is less than would be expected if the known effects of the individual substances were added together.

An antibody to an interferon. Used for the purification of interferons.

An organic substance of microbial origin (usually mold or actinomycete bacteria) that is either toxic or growth inhibiting for other organisms. Also with the advent of synthetic methods of production, a substance produced by a microorganism or a similar substance (produced wholly or partly by chemical synthesis) which, in low concentrations, inhibits the growth of other microorganisms. Penicillin, tetracycline, and erythromycin are examples of antibiotics.

Any drug (except drugs for use in animals other than humans) composed wholly or partly of any kind of penicillin, streptomycin, chlortetracycline, chloramphenicol, bacitracin, or any other drug intended for human use containing any quantity of any chemical substance which is produced by a microorganism and which has the capacity to inhibit or destroy microorganisms in dilute solution (including a chemically synthesized equivalent of any such substance) or any derivative thereof.