Glossary

Complete duration of a project from the time it is first conceived as a viable business approach until it is fully operational.

Plan that identifies locations for material/equipment storage, lay-down, staging, temporary offices, dumpsters, break/lunch areas, temporary utilities, etc. The logistics plan should delineate construction personnel, material and equipment access to the project site during each phase of construction. The plan also should incorporate any revised operational personnel and material flows during each phase of the project.

Person responsible for delivering the successful project outcome.

(NIST) A management document describing the approach taken for a project. The plan typically describes work to be done, resources required, methods to be used, the configuration management and quality assurance procedures to be followed, the schedules to be met, the project organization, etc. Project in this context is a generic term. Some projects may also need integration plans, security plans, test plans, quality assurance plans, etc.

A collection of programs and/or projects that are grouped together to facilitate effective management.

Quality control starts with the pre-qualification of the applicable suppliers, contractors and where applicable, the construction management firms and their proposed project teams. Each company’s QC program should be reviewed, evaluated and previous project references contacted. The contractor’s QC program should include documents and procedures applicable to the specific industry and for potential use to satisfy qualification requirements. If a construction manager is to be used, their QC program should be reviewed for evidence of periodic qualification of potential subcontractors.

Person within an organization with the authority for the part of the organization being changed by the project.

A unicellular organism having a less complex structure than a eukaryote. It is characterized by the absence of a nucleus and by having the genetic material in the form of simple filaments of DNA. The sizes of most prokaryotes vary from 0.5µm to 3µm in equivalent radius. Different species have different shapes such as spherical or Coccus (for example, Staphylococci), cylindrical or bacillus (E. coli), or spiral or spirillum (Rhodospirillum).

Modified-release dosage forms showing a slower release of the active substance(s) than that of a conventional-release dosage form administered by the same route. Prolonged-release is achieved by a special formulation design and/or manufacturing method.

Programmable Read Only Memory

Electronic equipment which is used to transfer a program [write instructions and data] into PROM and EPROM chips.

1. A nucleotide sequence of DNA to which RNA polymerase binds and initiates transcription. It usually lies upstream of (5’ to) a coding sequence. A promoter sequence aligns the RNA polymerase so that transcription will initiate at a specific site.2. A chemical substance that enhances the transformation of benign cells into cancerous cells.

The nucleus of a sperm or an egg prior to fertilization. Sperm and egg cells carry half the number of chromosomes of other nonreproductive cells. When the pronucleus of a sperm fuses with the pronucleus of an egg, their chromosomes combine and become part of a single nucleus in the resulting embryo, containing a full set of chromosomes.

(NBS) The use of techniques of mathematical logic to infer that a relation between program variables assumed true at program entry implies that another relation between program variables holds at program exit.

Part of the 1962 Amendments, the proof-of-efficacy standard requires sponsors to produce evidence demonstrating that their product is efficacious for claimed uses. The proof-of-efficacy standard creates the distinction between on-label and off-label uses. The FDA reasons that because off-label uses have not passed proof of efficacy, the company is banned from disseminating information about such uses.

The enzymatic scanning of newly-synthesized DNA for structural defects, such as mis-matched base pairs. It is effected by DNA polymerase.

Phage nucleic acid that is incorporated into the host’s chromosome but does not cause cell lysis.

An early stage in nuclear division, characterized by the shortening and thickening of the chromosomes and their movement to the metaphase plate. It occurs between interphase and metaphase. During this phase, the centriole divides and the two daughter centrioles move apart. Each sister DNA strand from interphase replication becomes coiled, and the chromosome is longitudinally double except in the region of the centromere. Each partially separated chromosome is called a chromatid. The two chromatids of a chromosome are sister chromatids.

Preventive or protective; a drug, vaccine, regimen, or device designed to prevent, or provide protection against, a given disease or disorder.

Surgery to remove tissue that is in danger of becoming cancerous, before cancer has the chance to develop. Surgery to remove the breasts of women at high risk of developing breast cancer is known as prophylactic mastectomy.

The prevention of, or protective treatment for disease.

A common solvent for antibiotics, particularly the tetracyclines. Miscible (soluble) in water, but often filtered as pure propylene glycol prior to combination with the antibiotic. Its high viscosity controls absorption of the dissolved drug.

Studies designed to observe outcomes or events that occur subsequent to the identification of the group of subjects to be studied. Prospective studies need not involve manipulation or intervention but may be purely observational or involve only the collection of data.

Establishing documented evidence that a system does what it purports to do based on a preplanned protocol.