Glossary

(ICH Q6A) Not superimposable with its mirror image, as applied to molecules, conformations, and macroscopic objects, such as crystals. the term has been extended to samples of substances whose molecules are chiral, even if the macroscopic assembly of such molecules is racemic.

Center for High Integrity Software System Assurance

Chemi-Luminescent Immunoassay

A chlorine compound formed by reaction with organic amines or ammonia.

Thermoplastic chlorinated vinyls include PVC, CPVC, and VDC. PVC and CPVC are very similar materials, the primary difference being the addition of more chlorine to the PVC molecule to synthesize CPVC. This results in a higher glass transition temperature that equates to a higher use temperature for CPVC. The polymerization with chlorine also makes these materials inherently flame resistant. In addition to being resistant to higher temperatures, CPVC is more resistant to process chemicals.

Adding chlorine or chlorine compounds to water for disinfection.

An element used to kill microorganisms in water. At room temperature and atmospheric pressure a greenish yellow gas.

Amount of chlorine used up by reacting with oxidizable substances in water before chlorine residual can be measured.

Portion of free or combined chlorine that remains active after specified contact period.

One of the two pigments responsible for the green color of most plants. It is essential in the absorption of light energy for photosynthesis.

Specialized cytoplasmic organelle that contains chlorophyll. Lens-shaped and bounded by a double membrane, chloroplasts contain membranous structures (thylakoids) piled up into stacks, surrounded by a gel-like matrix (stroma). They are the site of solar energy transfer and important reactions of starch or sugar synthesis. Chloroplasts have their own DNA and are inherited cytoplasmically, independent of nuclear genes.

Circular DNA found in the photosynthesizing organelle (chloroplast) of plans instead of the cell nucleus where most genetic material is located.

Committee on Human Medicinal Products (United Kingdom)

Chinese Hamster Ovary

Carbohydrate

Combined Heat and Power

Consumer Healthcare Products Association

Each of the two daughter strands comprising a duplicated chromosome. The term remains in use while the two chromatids are still joined at the centromere. As soon as the centromere divides, setting the two chromatids adrift (during anaphase of mitosis; and during anaphase II of meiosis), they are called chromosomes.

Substance of which eukaryotic chromosomes are composed. It consists of primarily DNAm with some proteins (mainly histones), and small amounts of RNA. Originally named because of the readiness with which it stains with certain dyes (chromaticity).

Procedure by which solutes (e.g., proteins and other chemical products) are selectively separated by a dynamic differential migration process in a system consisting of two or more phases, one of which moves continuously in a given direction and in which the individual substances exhibit different mobilities by reason of differences in adsorption, partition, solubility, vapor pressure, molecular size, or ionic charge density. The individual substances thus obtained can be identified or determined by analytical methods. There are several types of chromatography in use with different operating principles:1.Adsorption – separates products by their different affinities for the surface of a solid medium, either an inorganic carrier such as silica gel, alumina, or hydroxyapatite, or an organic polymer.2.Ion Exchange – uses ion exchange resin to which ionized functional groups have been attached. At an appropriate pH, target proteins acquire a net surface charge that allows them to selectively bind to an ion exchange resin. Other impurities are eluted through the column.3.Gel Filtration – employs a neutral cross-linked carrier with a defined pore size for molecular fractionation. Molecules larger than the largest pores cannot enter the matrix and pass directly through the column; smaller molecules enter the carrier and are retarded. Gel filtration thus separates on the basis of molecular size, eluting larger molecules first, followed by progressively smaller species. (also see: Exclusion Limit)4.Affinity – relies on the propensity of each biomolecule to have an affinity for another highly specific biomolecule, such as an antibody-antigen relationship. Once bound together, the drug molecules can be detached by altering various chemical attributes in the column.5.Hydrophobic – separates by molecule polarity and reverse interaction with water.6.High Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC).

The purification of substances based on the chemical, physical, and biological properties of the molecules involved.

Method of highly selective molecule separation using columns to purify proteins and other chemical products.

Chemical symbol Cr. Element No. 24 of the periodic system; atomic weight 52.01. It is of bright silvery color, relatively hard. It is strongly resistant to atmospheric and other oxidation. It is of great value in the manufacture of Stainless Steel as an iron-base alloy. Chromium plating has also become a large outlet for the metal. Its principal functions as an alloy in steel making;(1) Increases resistance to corrosion and oxidation(2) Increases hardenability(3) Adds some strength at high temperatures(4) Resists abrasion and wear (with high carbon).