Glossary

The complex formed between a metal ion and an organic liquid, which has more than one binding site. EDTA (ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid) is a common chelating agent to remove Mg or other metal ions from availability in solution.

(ASTM A 380) Chelates are chemicals that form soluble, complex molecules with certain metal ions, inactivating the ions in solution so the cannot normally react with another element or ions to produce precipitates or scale. Chelating agents are particularly useful for cleaning installed equipment and systems.

Organic compounds that can withdraw ions from solution, forming insoluble complexes.

The binding or holding of a metal ion (such as copper, zinc, cadmium, nickel, or cobalt) between two other molecules; used in a form of affinity chromatography called “metal chelate chromatography”.

(ICH Q3A (R2)) Studies conducted to scale-up, optimize, and validate the manufacturing process for a new drug substance.

(USP <1072>) A chemical agent used on inanimate surfaces and objects to destroy infectious fungi, viruses, and bacteria, but not necessarily their spores. Sporicidal and antiviral agents may be considered a special class of disinfectants.

Using structural and functional genomic information about biological molecules, especially proteins, to identify useful small molecules and alter their structure to improve their efficacy.

CRS indicates a chemical reference substance established by the European Pharmacopeia Commission. Some Chemical Reference Substances are used for the microbiological assay of antibiotics and their activity is stated, in International Units, on the label or on the accompanying leaflet and defined in the same manner as for Biological Reference Preparations.

Waste that contains chemical substances of organic or inorganic nature, e.g., disinfectants, reagent residues, and solvents.

The process by which an enzyme is able to catalyze a chemical reaction that results in the production of light. This is commonly used by attaching an enzyme to an antibody. This conjugate is then allowed to bind to a blotted protein mixture on a membrane that has been blocked. If it remains after the wash, it can be used to detect the specific protein to which the antibody has affinity. A subsequent step is needed to add chemicals that react with the conjugated enzyme to produce light that can be detected on X-ray film. It is also used to detect DNA hybridization by adding an antibody step to the detection process, while this works well in most cases; researchers prefer a direct label if possible.

Facultative autotrophs that obtain their energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds.

AA continuous and open culture in which growth rate and cell density are maintained constant by a fixed rate of input of a growth-limiting nutrient.

Motion of a motile cell, organism or part towards or away from an increasing concentration of a particular substance.

The treatment of disease, especially infections or cancer, by means of chemicals. In treating cancers, it involves administering chemicals toxic to malignant cells.

Congestive Heart Failure

Consolidated Health Informatics Initiative

Combined Health Information Database (NIH)

Persons who have not attained the legal age for consent to treatment or procedures involved in the research, as determined under the applicable law of the jurisdiction in which the research will be conducted [45 CFR 46.401(a)].

Plural of Chimera.

From chimera, a mythological creature with the head of a lion, the body of a goat and the tail of a serpent. An organism whose cells are not all derived from the same zygote.1. Animal. An individual exhibiting two or more genotypes in patches derived from two or more embryos. An individual derived from two embryos by experimental intervention.2. Plant. Part of a plant with a genetically different constitution as compared with other parts of the same plant. It may result from different zygotes that grow together, or from artificial fusion (grafting); it may either be periclinal chimera, in which one tissue lies over another as a glove fits a hand; mericlinal chimera, where the outer tissue does not completely cover the inner tissue; and sectoral chimera, in which the tissues lie side by side.3. A recombinant DNA molecule that contains sequences from different organisms.

An organism, especially a plant, containing tissues from at least two genetically distinct parents. Type of antibody partially human and partially mouse.

Chinese Hamster Ovary cells, a mammalian cell line commonly used for expression and manufacturing of recombinant protein-based biopharmaceuticals.

In cell culture, the cells of a female hamster’s reproductive organs, which historically have proven to be excellent expression systems in analytical studies and for producing protein-based pharmaceuticals.

Chinese Hamster Ovary cells, a mammalian cell line commonly used for expression and manufacturing of recombinant protein-based biopharmaceuticals.