Strategies to reach CO₂ neutrality in pharma manufacturing through clean‑utility optimization, lifecycle CO₂ analysis, electrification, and process changes, highlighting challenges and benefits of shifting from fossil‑based to sustainable systems.
Fritz Roeder is a pharmaceutical water and GMP utilities expert at Merck and chairs the ISPE Critical Utilities CoP. He also serves on the EDQM Water Working Group, contributing to European water monograph development.